酒精 & 预防药物滥用-事实
一般信息
The legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21!
酒精是一种毒品. A drug is simply “Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions.” 酒精 is the most commonly used and widely abused drug in the world.
酒精 is a depressant, which means it slows the function of the central nervous system.
酒精 affects your brain… Loss of coordination, 判断力差, 慢的反应, 斜视, 记忆缺失, 甚至停电.
酒精 affects your body… As it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, every organ is affected which may increase the risk of life-threatening diseases, 包括癌症.
酒精 can kill you… Drinking large amounts at one time or very rapidly can cause alcohol poisoning, which can lead to coma and death.
The liver can only effectively process one (1) standard drink per hour.
标准酒精饮料
Beer, wine, and hard liquor (distilled spirits) all contain alcohol. The following common alcoholic drinks contain equal amounts of alcohol and are considered one (1) standard drink:
- 一种混合饮料含有1.5 fl oz (44 mL) of 80-proof hard liquor, such as gin, whiskey, or rum
- One 5 fl oz (148 mL) glass of wine
- One 12 fl oz (355 mL) bottle 的啤酒 or wine cooler
Proof is the amount of alcohol in hard liquor or distilled spirits. The percentage of pure alcohol in the hard liquor is usually one-half the proof. For example, a 100-proof liquor is about 50% pure alcohol. Thus, the higher the proof, the more pure alcohol the hard liquor contains.
酗酒
Binge drinking is a pattern of excessive alcohol use that increases a person’s blood alcohol content very rapidly. 对男人来说, binge drinking is defined as 5 or more drinks in a row and for women, 连续喝4杯或4杯以上.
Binge drinking is associated with many health problems, including but not limited to:
- 意外伤害(如.g., car crashes, falls, burns, drowning)
- 故意伤害(e).g., firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence)
- 酒精中毒
- 性传播疾病
- 意外怀孕
- 性功能障碍
- High blood pressure, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases
- 肝脏疾病
- 神经损伤
血液酒精含量
The definition of blood alcohol content is the concentration of alcohol in one’s bloodstream, 以百分比表示. 血液酒精含量, 或BAC, is used to determine whether a person is legally intoxicated, especially in operating or attempting to operate a motor vehicle.
In Kansas, it is illegal to operate or attempt to operate a motor vehicle while having a BAC of .08%或以上. If you are under 21 years of age, the Zero Tolerance Law makes it illegal to operate or attempt to operate a motor vehicle with a BAC of .02或以上.
There are many factors that can affect a person’s BAC:
- 酒精 content of drinks consumed
- Period of time drinks are consumed
- 性别
- 重量
- 个人健康
- 食品消费
- 药物治疗
| 饮料 | Approximate Blood 酒精 Percentage | |||||||||
| 体重(磅) | 笔记 | |||||||||
| 90 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 | ||
| 减去 .01% for each 60 minutes of drinking. 一杯等于1.5 oz. 80度白酒，5盎司. 12盎司的葡萄酒. 的啤酒. | ||||||||||
| 0 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | 仅限安全驾驶 |
| 1 | .05 | .05 | .04 | .03 | .03 | .03 | .02 | .02 | .02 | Driving Skills Significantly Affected Possible Criminal Penalties |
| 2 | .10 | .09 | .08 | .07 | .06 | .05 | .05 | .04 | .04 | |
| 3 | .15 | .14 | .11 | .10 | .09 | .08 | .07 | .06 | .06 | |
| 4 | .20 | .18 | .15 | .13 | .11 | .10 | .09 | .08 | .08 | Legally Intoxicated Criminal Penalties |
| 5 | .25 | .23 | .19 | .16 | .14 | .13 | .11 | .10 | .09 | |
| 6 | .30 | .27 | .23 | .19 | .17 | .15 | .14 | .12 | .11 | |
| 7 | .35 | .32 | .27 | .23 | .20 | .18 | .16 | .14 | .13 | |
| 8 | .40 | .36 | .30 | .26 | .23 | .20 | .18 | .17 | .15 | |
| 9 | .45 | .41 | .34 | .29 | .26 | .23 | .20 | .19 | .17 | |
| 10 | .51 | .45 | .38 | .32 | .28 | .25 | .23 | .21 | .19 | 死亡的可能 |
停电对. 传递出
停电, sometimes referred to as alcohol-related memory loss or “alcoholic amnesia”, occur when people have no memory of what happened while intoxicated. These periods may last from a few hours to several days. 停电时, someone may appear to be fine; however, 一旦清醒, he/she has no recollection of events.
Passing out happens when someone loses consciousness from drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. Losing consciousness means that the person has reached a very dangerous level of intoxication; furthermore, he/she could slip into a coma and die. If someone has passed out, seek immediate medical attention.
酒精中毒
酒精中毒 is a serious — and sometimes deadly — consequence of consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. Drinking too much too quickly can affect your breathing, heart rate and gag reflex and potentially lead to coma and death.
酒精中毒的迹象:
- Unconscious or passed out and cannot be awakened
- 呕吐
- 癫痫发作
- Irregular, slow breathing (8 breaths or less per minute)
- Cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin
If you or your friends are experiencing any of these symptoms while intoxicated, seek immediate help.
怎么做:
- 拨打911
- Stay with your friend until help arrives
- Turn your friend on his or her side
- 密切监测呼吸
Hesitating to act can mean the difference between life and death.
不要做的事情:
- 离你的朋友远点
- 让你的朋友“睡一觉”
- 让你的朋友开车
- 给 your friend food, liquid, medication or drugs
- Encourage your friend to walk, run or exercise
- Put your friend in a cold shower
你是 总是 doing the right thing by getting help.
清醒过来
The only way to become sober is time. 吃, drinking coffee or energizer drinks, 睡觉, taking a cold shower – none of these things will help you become sober. For every drink a person consumes, he or she must let an hour pass without taking in any more alcohol before being sober. It is true that drinking water will help with dehydration and dehydration is a major cause of hangovers but drinking water will not sober you up.